Sunderban National Park

Posted on Wednesday, September 25th, 2024 by Neha Sharma

Sunderban National Park: A Natural Wonderland

Sundarban National Park is one of the most unique & fascinating places in the world. Nestled in the heart of the largest mangrove forest on Earth, it offers an unforgettable experience for nature lovers & adventure seekers. Home to the great Royal Bengal Tiger, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is not only a sanctuary for wildlife but also a peaceful escape into the wonders of nature. With its winding rivers, greenery, & diverse species of animals and birds, a visit to Sundarban is like stepping into a world of natural beauty and mystery.

History and Significance Of Sundarbans National Park 

The history of Sundarban National Park is closely tied to its unique mangrove ecosystem and the communities around it. Named after the Sundari trees, the area was declared a reserved forest by the British in 1878. In 1973, it became part of Project Tiger for Tiger Conservation, and by 1984, it was officially designated as a national park. In 1987, UNESCO recognized it as a World Heritage Site, highlighting its ecological importance.

Sundarban plays a crucial role in protecting coastal regions from storms and floods while being a vital habitat for endangered species like the Royal Bengal Tiger, saltwater crocodile, and Gangetic dolphin. Its rich biodiversity makes it a key area for conservation.

How to Reach Sundarbans National Park India

• By Bus –  Regular buses run from Kolkata to various entry points of Sundarbans, such as Canning and Godkhali.
• By Flight –  Fly into Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata. From there, you can take a combination of bus and ferry to reach the park.
• By Train – Trains from Kolkata to Canning or Hasnabad provide access to Sundarbans. From these stations, you’ll need to take a local ferry or bus.

The best time to Visit Sundarbans National Park 

The best time to visit Sundarbans National Park is between November and March. During this period, the weather is cooler and more comfortable, with lower humidity and less rainfall, making it ideal for exploring the park. The dry season also increases your chances of spotting wildlife, including the elusive Royal Bengal Tiger, as animals are more likely to venture out in search of water. 

Geography of Sunderban National Park India

The Sundarbans is a unique and expansive mangrove delta located at the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers in the Bay of Bengal. Here’s a brief overview of its geography:

• Location: It spans southern West Bengal in India and southwestern Bangladesh.
• Area: Covers around 10,000 square kilometers, with the majority in Bangladesh.
• Terrain: Characterized by low-lying, flatlands intersected by a dense network of rivers, tidal waterways, and mudflats.
• Tidal Influence: Experiences significant tidal changes, which affect water levels and lead to frequent inundation.
• Mangrove Forests: Dominated by mangrove trees, which thrive in the brackish water of the delta and play a crucial role in stabilizing the shoreline.
• Climate: Tropical, with hot, humid conditions and a heavy monsoon season bringing substantial rainfall.

Flora and Fauna Of The Sundarbans National Park India

The Sundarbans National Park is renowned for its mangrove forests and diverse wildlife. Key flora includes:

• Sundari Trees: The dominant mangrove species.
• Goran and Pekhura: Other common mangrove trees.
• Hental Palm: Thrives in brackish waters.

The park is home to:

• Bengal Tigers: Adapted to the mangrove habitat.
• Saltwater Crocodiles: Found in the tidal rivers.
• Various Birds: Like Brahminy Kites and Kingfishers.
• Reptiles and Amphibians: Including pythons and frogs.
• Fish and Invertebrates: Such as Hilsa fish and mudskippers.

This rich biodiversity is adapted to the unique mangrove and tidal environment of the park.

Wildlife Safari 

A wildlife safari in Sundarbans National Park Kolkata typically involves:

1. Boat Safaris: Essential for navigating the park’s complex network of rivers and tidal channels. Offers the best chance to see wildlife up close.
2. Wildlife Sightings:
   • Bengal Tigers: The main highlight, though sightings can be rare.
   • Saltwater Crocodiles: Often seen basking on riverbanks or swimming in the waters.
   • Birds: Includes species like Brahminy Kites, Kingfishers, and various herons and egrets.
   • Other Wildlife: Deer and wild boars are also commonly spotted.
3. Safety and Regulations:
   • Permits: Required for entry and safaris, arranged through park authorities.
   • Guides: Local guides accompany visitors to ensure safety and enhance the experience.
   • Precautions: Adhere to safety guidelines related to wildlife and natural hazards.

Accommodation and Safari Timing 

Accommodation: 

1. Forest Lodges:
   • Managed by the West Bengal Forest Development Corporation (WBFDC).
   • Basic amenities in eco-friendly settings, offering a closer experience with nature.
2. Resorts and Hotels:
   • Various options are available near the park entrance, such as in the town of Canning or the nearby areas.
   • Includes mid-range to luxury options with more amenities and comfort.
3. Guesthouses and Homestays:
   • Offer a more local experience, with options available in nearby villages.
   • Generally more budget-friendly and provide a chance to interact with local communities.

Safari Timing:

1. Boat Safaris:
   • Typically conducted from early morning (around 6:00 AM) to late afternoon (around 4:00 PM).
   • Timing can vary based on tides and weather conditions.
2. Best Time to Visit:
   • Winter (November to February): Optimal for clearer weather and better wildlife viewing.
   • Summer (March to May): Warmer and drier, but still good for spotting wildlife.
   • Monsoon (June to October): Generally avoided due to heavy rains and challenging conditions for boat travel.

Best Places to Visit Near Sunderbans National Park 

1. Holiday Island –  A picturesque island known for its serene environment, ideal for relaxation and nature exploration.
2. Gangasagar – A significant pilgrimage site where the Ganges River meets the Bay of Bengal, famous for its annual fair and religious significance.
3. Belur Math – The headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission, renowned for its beautiful architecture and peaceful ambiance.
4. Digha Beach – A popular beach destination with sandy shores and a range of recreational activities, perfect for a relaxing seaside escape.
5. Lothian Island Bird Sanctuary – A haven for birdwatchers, featuring a diverse range of bird species in a tranquil, natural setting.
6. Hiran Point – A scenic spot within the Sundarbans offering stunning views of the mangroves and wildlife, often accessible by boat.
7. Tin Kona Island – A small, charming island within the Sundarbans, offering unique views of the mangrove landscape and local wildlife.

Tips For Travellers Visiting Sundarbans National Park Kolkata

• Water Safety: Avoid drinking tap water to prevent illness or water-borne diseases. Opt for filtered water instead of coconut water.
• Plastic Restrictions: Don’t bring mineral water bottles, as the Sundarbans is a “no plastic zone.” Use eco-friendly alternatives for hydration.
• Snacks and Food: Pack light snacks, fruits, and dry fruits for when you need a quick bite during your visit.
• Summer Precautions: If visiting during the hot summer months, protect yourself with hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen to stay cool and safe.
• Cash Availability: Carry sufficient cash with you, as ATMs are rare in the area. The only ATM is located in Gosaba village.
• Health Preparedness: To avoid disruptions to your trip, bring along essential medications for common ailments such as colds, coughs, and stomach issues.
• Torch:  Keep a torch with spare batteries handy, as it can be useful for navigating after dark.
• Camera Batteries: Carry extra batteries for your camera, as recharging options may be limited during your trip.

Other Activities To Do in Kolkata 

Kolkata offers a range of activities beyond sightseeing. You can explore vibrant markets, enjoy a serene boat ride on the Hooghly River, or savor delicious street food. For more exciting options, check out popular places to visit in Kolkata, like Eco Park or Science City.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can I bring plastic water bottles into Sundarbans National Park?

A: No, Sundarbans is a “no plastic zone.” You should avoid bringing mineral water bottles and use eco-friendly alternatives.

Q: What kind of snacks should I carry for my trip to Sundarbans?

A: It’s a good idea to bring light snacks, fruits, and dry fruits. These will be handy when you need a quick snack during your visit.

Q: How can I protect myself from the heat if visiting Sundarbans in summer?

A: During the summer months, protect yourself by wearing hats, and sunglasses, and applying sunscreen. Staying hydrated and taking breaks in shaded areas is also advisable.

Q: Are there ATMs available in Sundarbans National Park?

A: ATMs are scarce in the area. It’s best to carry sufficient cash for your needs. The only ATM in the region is located in Gosaba village.

Q: What should I do if I fall ill during my trip to Sundarbans?

A: Carry essential medications for common ailments like colds, coughs, & upset stomachs to manage any health issues that may arise during your trip.

Q: Is it necessary to carry a torch while visiting Sundarbans?

A: Yes, carrying a torch with spare batteries can be very useful, especially if you need to navigate after dark.

Q: How should I prepare for potential issues with my camera during the trip?

A: Bring extra batteries for your camera, as recharging facilities might be limited in the area.

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